Ahmed Saadat, who was seized from a West Bank prison this month, has been refused bail by an Israeli military court.
The decision came after Mr Saadat refused to recognise the authority of the military tribunal to try him.
Mr Saadat gave himself up after Israeli troops stormed his jail in Jericho.
The leader of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) is accused of ordering the assassination of an Israeli Cabinet minister in 2001.
When he appeared in court on Monday alongside four of his alleged accomplices, a manacled Mr Saadat refused to answer his name or address the hearing.
But the Associated Press news agency reported that as he was led past reporters into the court, he raised his hands in a defiant gesture and shouted in Arabic: ‘I am fighting the occupation!’
'Revenge' killing
The jail raid on 14 March, which sparked a wave of Palestinian protests and a general strike, began when UK and US monitors left the Palestinian-run prison complaining about lax security.
Mr Saadat and other PFLP militants are accused of killing Israeli Tourism Minister Rehavam Zeevi in October 2001.
The PFLP said the attack was to avenge the assassination of Mr Saadat's predecessor by Israel.
The Israeli military said the Jericho prison raid had been necessary because several militants had been about to be freed by the Palestinian authorities.